MCP-1, or Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (full name: CCL2 – C-C motif chemokine ligand 2), is a type of cytokine belonging to the chemokine family. It plays a crucial role in the immune system, primarily by regulating the movement of immune cells to sites of inflammation.
Key Functions of MCP-1
- Attraction of monocytes:
MCP-1 stimulates monocytes (a type of white blood cell) to migrate from the bloodstream into inflamed or infected tissues. - Involvement in inflammation:
It plays a vital part in the body’s immune response to infection, injury, or the presence of foreign substances. - Association with chronic diseases:
Elevated levels of MCP-1 are linked to chronic inflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, certain cancers, and Alzheimer’s disease.
MCP-1 Testing
- Used as a biomarker to assess inflammation and immune activity.
- Typically measured in blood samples (serum or plasma) using techniques such as ELISA or multiplex assays.
Summary
MCP-1 is an immune signalling protein that directs monocytes to sites of inflammation. Because of its close relationship with inflammatory and chronic conditions, it serves as an important indicator of immune activity and systemic inflammation.
