AFP is a protein-based substance that can be detected in the blood. Elevated levels of AFP are commonly associated with liver tumours, liver diseases, and liver cancer.
What can AFP be used to diagnose?
AFP is a widely recognized tumour marker for detecting liver cancer, especially in high-risk populations such as:
- Patients with chronic hepatitis.
- Carriers of hepatitis B virus.
- Patients with cirrhosis.
It is recommended to test AFP levels every 3–6 months, alongside tests like PIVKA II or an ultrasound.
Clinical significance of elevated AFP levels:
- About 90% of cases with significantly high AFP levels are associated with liver cancer.
- The remaining 10% may indicate other cancers, such as:
- Ovarian cancer.
- Testicular cancer.
- Lung cancer.
- Stomach cancer.
- Colon cancer.
- Breast cancer.
Advantages of AFP tumour marker testing:
- Helps screen for hidden liver cancer risks in asymptomatic individuals.
- AFP levels can guide treatment options.
- Monitors the effectiveness of treatment, as AFP levels should decrease if treatment is successful.
- Detects signs of recurrence after treatment.
Normal AFP levels:
The normal range is between 0–7.0 ng/ml.
Laboratory testing requirements:
Fasting or dietary restrictions are not necessary.
