Allergies That Can Be Managed

The Rising Prevalence of Allergies

Allergies are increasingly common worldwide, including in Thailand, where the incidence has risen 3-4 times compared to a decade ago. Currently, the prevalence rates are :

Allergic rhinitis: 23-30%
Asthma: 10-15%
Atopic dermatitis: 15%
Food allergies: 6%

Why Are Respiratory Allergies Increasing in Thailand?

Factors contributing to the rise in respiratory allergies include :

Changes in Thai lifestyles
Increased population density and overcrowded living conditions
Modernized housing: Traditional, airy Thai homes with good ventilation are being replaced by Western-style houses with low ceilings, closed windows, air conditioning, carpets (harboring dust mites), decorative plants (sources of mold), and pets like dogs and cats, often sharing sleeping areas. These factors expose individuals to allergens that trigger allergic reactions.

Additionally, air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, road dust, vehicle exhaust, factory emissions, and cigarette smoke further contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergies.

What Are Allergies?

Allergies are a group of conditions caused by the body’s abnormal response to allergens. This triggers the release of chemicals in tissues, leading to inflammation and various symptoms depending on the affected organ or severity, such as hives, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, sore throat, or, in severe cases, life-threatening reactions.

Types of Allergies

Allergies can affect any organ in the body and may involve multiple systems simultaneously. The four main types of allergies are :

Respiratory Allergies: Symptoms include sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal itchiness, and post-nasal drip. Some may experience itchy or watery eyes and mucus accumulation in the throat.
Skin Allergies: Symptoms include excessive itchiness, dry skin, and scratching leading to wounds that increase the risk of infection.
Food and Drug Allergies: These often manifest as hives, red patches on the skin, or swelling in areas such as the eyes, lips, tongue, or throat, potentially causing difficulty swallowing.
Eye Allergies: Less common but can include redness, watering, itching, and swollen eyelids.

Causes of Allergies

Genetics: Inherited from parents.
Environment: Allergic reactions can be triggered by dust, smoke, chemicals, pollen, pet dander, or weather changes. Avoiding these allergens can help reduce symptoms.
Weakened Immune System: Caused by stress, inadequate rest, or poor nutrition.

Signs That May Indicate Allergies

Respiratory System: Sneezing, nasal itching, runny nose, congestion, itchy throat, chronic cough with phlegm, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Symptoms may vary seasonally or persist year-round.
Skin: Hives, itchy rashes in skin folds, or red patches, particularly on children’s cheeks.
Digestive System: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or bloody stools.
Severe Reactions: Difficulty breathing, hives, and shock in extreme cases.

Preventing Allergy Flare-Ups

Avoid allergens like dust mites, pollen, smoke, mold, and chemicals.
Strengthen your immune system.
Consume a healthy diet, including vegetables, fruits, and supplements like vitamin C and D.
Get sufficient sleep.
Exercise regularly.
Reduce stress by engaging in leisure activities.